How to Perform a Full (Hard) Refresh in Major Browsers

A hard refresh clears the cache and forces the browser to load the latest version of a webpage.

Desktop Browsers

Google Chrome

• Windows: Press Ctrl + F5 or Ctrl + Shift + R.
• Mac: Press Command + Shift + R.

Mozilla Firefox

• Windows: Press Ctrl + F5 or Ctrl + Shift + R.
• Mac: Press Command + Shift + R.

Microsoft Edge

• Windows: Press Ctrl + F5 or Ctrl + Shift + R.
• Mac: Press Command + Shift + R.

Safari (Mac)

• Press Command + Option + E to empty the cache, then reload using Command + R.

Mobile Browsers

Chrome on Android

• Go to Settings > Privacy > Clear Browsing Data and select "Cached images and files."

Safari on iOS

• Go to Settings > Safari > Clear History and Website Data.

Additional Notes

• Use a hard refresh when a webpage is not displaying the latest updates.
• For developers, opening DevTools (F12) and right-clicking the refresh button provides additional options.